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Contractions of the iris dilator muscle, a smooth muscle of the eye running radially in the iris, [2] can cause irregular distortion of the pupil, thus making the pupil look tadpole shaped and giving this condition its name. Episodic segmental iris mydriasis was first described and termed “tadpole pupil” in 1912 by HS Thompson. [1]
Dilation of the pupil in an eye with synechia can cause the pupil to take an irregular, non-circular shape (dyscoria) as shown in the photograph. If the pupil can be fully dilated during the treatment of iritis, the prognosis for recovery from synechia is good. This is a treatable status. To subdue inflammation, topical corticosteroids can be used.
Anisocoria is a common condition, defined by a diameter difference of 0.4 mm or more between the sizes of the pupils of the eyes. [2] Anisocoria has various causes: [3] Physiological anisocoria: About 20% of the population has a slight
Some skates and rays have crescent shaped pupils, [17] gecko pupils range from circular, to a slit, to a series of pinholes, [18] and the cuttlefish pupil is a smoothly curving W shape. Although human pupils are normally circular, abnormalities like colobomas can result in unusual pupil shapes, such as teardrop, keyhole or oval pupil shapes.
The main characteristic that distinguishes physiological anisocoria is an increase of pupil size with lower light or reduced illumination, such that the pupils differ in size between the two eyes. At any given eye examination, up to 41% of healthy patients can show an anisocoria of 0.4 mm or more at one time or another.
Few people have spent time gazing into a sheep’s eyes, but if you have, you may have noticed something very strange about their pupils. Instead of being round, as is the case with humans, they ...
Argyll Robertson pupils (AR pupils) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react). They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic neuropathy.
The pupil of the human eye can range in size from 2 mm to over 8 mm to adapt to the environment The human eye can detect a luminance from 10 −6 cd/m 2 , or one millionth (0.000001) of a candela per square meter to 10 8 cd/m 2 or one hundred million (100,000,000) candelas per square meter.