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Logical coupling (or evolutionary coupling or change coupling) analysis exploits the release history of a software system to find change patterns among modules or classes: e.g., entities that are likely to be changed together or sequences of changes (a change in a class A is always followed by a change in a class B).
The crystal structures of the THF complexes of the Reformatsky reagents tert-butyl bromozincacetate [25] and ethyl bromozincacetate [26] have been determined. Both form cyclic eight-membered dimers in the solid state, but differ in stereochemistry: the eight-membered ring in the ethyl derivative adopts a tub-shaped conformation and has cis bromo groups and cis THF ligands, whereas in the tert ...
The Correlation Spectroscopy experiment operates by correlating nuclei coupled to each other through scalar coupling, also known as J-coupling. [8] This coupling is the interaction between nuclear spins connected by bonds, typically observed between nuclei that are 2-3 bonds apart (e.g., vicinal protons).
SlideShare allows the user to share presentations publicly or privately. Slides can be uploaded in various ways, via email and through social media are the most common ways of sharing the slides. [9] AuthorSTREAM only allows the user to upload PowerPoint presentation slides. On this website users can give feedback by rating presentations and ...
Fukuyama coupling is a palladium-catalyzed reaction involving the coupling of an aryl, alkyl, allyl, or α,β- unsaturated thioester compound. This thioester compound can be coupled to a wide range of organozinc reagents in order to reveal the corresponding ketone product.
A recent example in the area of chiral biaryl asymmetric catalysis employs a five-membered imidazole as part of the atropisomer scaffold. This specific phosphorus, nitrogen-ligand has been shown to perform enantioselective A 3 -coupling.
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A typical example of classic Ullmann biaryl coupling is the conversion of ortho-chloronitrobenzene into 2,2'-dinitrobiphenyl with a copper - bronze alloy. [9] [10] 2 C 6 H 4 (NO 2)Cl + 2 Cu → (C 6 H 4 (NO 2)) 2 + 2 CuCl. The reaction has been applied to fairly elaborate substrates. Ullmann reaction