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High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method for scientific discovery especially used in drug discovery and relevant to the fields of biology, materials science [1] and chemistry. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Using robotics , data processing/control software, liquid handling devices, and sensitive detectors, high-throughput screening allows a researcher to ...
In high-throughput screening (HTS), one of the major goals is to select compounds (including small molecules, siRNAs, shRNA, genes, et al.) with a desired size of inhibition or activation effects. A compound with a desired size of effects in an HTS screen is called a hit.
The particular choice of experimental conditions and measurements is called an assay. Large screens are expensive in time and resources. Therefore, prior to starting a large screen, smaller test (or pilot) screens are used to assess the quality of an assay, in an attempt to predict if it would be useful in a high-throughput setting.
Classical High throughput screening robotics are now being tied closer to cell biology, principally using technologies such as High-content screening.High throughput cell biology dictates methods that can take routine cell biology from low scale research to the speed and scale necessary to investigate complex systems, achieve high sample size, or efficiently screen through a collection.
After hits are identified from a high throughput screen, the hits are confirmed and evaluated using the following methods: Confirmatory testing: compounds that were found active against the selected target are re-tested using the same assay conditions used during the HTS to make sure that the activity is reproducible.
Types of drug screening include phenotypic screening, high-throughput screening, and virtual screening. Phenotypic screening is characterized by the process of screening drugs using cellular or animal disease models to identify compounds that alter the phenotype and produce beneficial disease-related effects.
Such a molecule might be extracted from a natural product or even be a drug on the market which could be improved upon (so-called "me too" drugs). Other methods, such as virtual high throughput screening, [28] where screening is done using computer-generated models and attempting to "dock" virtual libraries to a target, are also often used. [21]
The choice of a chemical library is less stringent than other high-throughput screening strategies owing to the lack of functional readouts, which would otherwise require deconvolution of the source compound that generates biological activity. Thus, the typical range for AS-MS is 400-3,000 compounds per pool. [20]