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The GABA receptors are a class of receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the chief inhibitory compound in the mature vertebrate central nervous system. There are two classes of GABA receptors: GABA A and GABA B .
GABA transporters (gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters) are a family of neurotransmitter / sodium symporters, belonging to the solute carrier 6 family. [1] [2] They are found in various regions of the brain in different cell types, such as neurons and astrocytes.
The ionotropic GABA A receptor protein complex is also the molecular target of the benzodiazepine class of tranquilizer drugs. Benzodiazepines do not bind to the same receptor site on the protein complex as does the endogenous ligand GABA (whose binding site is located between α- and β-subunits), but bind to distinct benzodiazepine binding sites situated at the interface between the α- and ...
[18] [19] GABA and its precursor glutamate have opposite functions within the nervous system. Glutamate is considered an excitatory neurotransmitter, while GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Glutamate and GABA imbalances contribute to different neurological pathologies.. [17]
In the mammalian brain, two predominant, differentially expressed isoforms of the GABA B1 are transcribed from the Gabbr1 gene, GABA B(1a) and GABA B(1b), which are conserved in different species including humans. [12] This might potentially offer more complexity in terms of the function due to different composition of the receptor. [12]
Neurotransmitters are essential to the function of complex neural systems. The exact number of unique neurotransmitters in humans is unknown, but more than 100 have been identified. [3] Common neurotransmitters include glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, glycine, dopamine and norepinephrine.
GABA is an amino acid that is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter for the central nervous system (CNS). It reduces neuronal excitability by inhibiting nerve transmission. GABA has a multitude of different functions during development and influences the migration, proliferation, and proper morphological development of neurons.
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