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The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation. Penrose shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity". [1]
Roger Penrose first formulated the cosmic censorship hypothesis in 1969. The hypothesis was first formulated by Roger Penrose in 1969, [ 2 ] and it is not stated in a completely formal way. In a sense it is more of a research program proposal: part of the research is to find a proper formal statement that is physically reasonable, falsifiable ...
Stephen W. Hawking (Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems, Hawking radiation, black-hole thermodynamics, monograph, Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term), Charles W. Hellaby (cosmological models), David Hilbert (Hilbert's action principle), Banesh Hoffmann (EIH approximation), Fred Hoyle (steady-state cosmology), Russell Hulse (Hulse–Taylor pulsar)
A covariant derivative of can thus be viewed as a differential operator acting on a vector field sending it to a type (1, 1) tensor (increasing the covariant index by 1) and can be generalised to act on type (,) tensor fields sending them to type (, +) tensor fields. Notions of parallel transport can then be defined similarly as for the case of ...
In general relativity, the Raychaudhuri equation, or Landau–Raychaudhuri equation, [1] is a fundamental result describing the motion of nearby bits of matter.. The equation is important as a fundamental lemma for the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems and for the study of exact solutions in general relativity, but has independent interest, since it offers a simple and general validation ...
Penrose's idea is inspired by quantum gravity because it uses both the physical constants and .It is an alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation which posits that superposition fails when an observation is made (but that it is non-objective in nature), and the many-worlds interpretation, which states that alternative outcomes of a superposition are equally "real," while their mutual ...