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The only major group of terrestrial lizards to go extinct at the end of the Cretaceous were the polyglyphanodontians, a diverse group of mainly herbivorous lizards known predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. [109] The mosasaurs, a diverse group of large predatory marine reptiles, also became extinct. Fossil evidence indicates that ...
Spinosaurus is the longest known terrestrial carnivore; other large carnivores comparable to Spinosaurus include theropods such as Tyrannosaurus, Giganotosaurus and the coeval Carcharodontosaurus. The most recent study suggests that previous body size estimates are overestimated, and that S. aegyptiacus reached 14 m (46 ft) in length and 7.4 t ...
Juvenile spinosaurid fossils are somewhat rare. However, an ungual phalanx measuring 21 mm (0.83 in) belonging to a very young Spinosaurus indicates that Spinosaurus, and probably by extent other spinosaurids, may have developed their semiaquatic adaptations at birth or at a very young age and maintained the adaptations throughout their lives ...
Extinct in 1964 due to loss of all habitat through impoundment or channelization. [8] Carolina elktoe: Alasmidonta robusta: North and South Carolina [184] Taxonomic status uncertain. [8] Ochlockonee arcmussel: Alasmidonta wrightiana: Ochlockonee River, Florida Extinct since the 1930s due to habitat fragmentation or degradation. [8] Arc-form ...
Definite evidence of Late Cretaceous sauropods in North America was first discovered in 1922, when Charles Whitney Gilmore described Alamosaurus sanjuanensis. [1] The term "sauropod hiatus" was coined by researchers Spencer G. Lucas and Adrian P. Hunt in 1989 to describes how fossils of the clade become scarce in western North America near the beginning of the Late Cretaceous.
c. 106 Ma – Spinosaurus evolves. c. 100.5 Ma - Stegosaurs go extinct; c. 100 Ma – First bees. c. 94 Ma - First mosasaurs. [36] c. 93 Ma - Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event causes the extinction of ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs. [37] c. 90 Ma – the Indian subcontinent splits from Gondwana, becoming an island continent. Snakes and ticks evolve.
Luis Walter Alvarez, left, and his son Walter, right, at the K–T Boundary in Gubbio, Italy, 1981. The Alvarez hypothesis posits that the mass extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs and many other living things during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event was caused by the impact of a large asteroid on the Earth.
Artist's depiction of the end-Cretaceous impact eventSince the 19th century, a significant amount of research has been conducted on the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the mass extinction that ended the dinosaur-dominated Mesozoic Era and set the stage for the Age of Mammals, or Cenozoic Era.