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Spinosaurus is known to have eaten fish and small to medium terrestrial prey as well. [5] Evidence suggests that it was semiaquatic; how capable it was of swimming has been strongly contested. Spinosaurus's leg bones had osteosclerosis (high bone density), allowing for better buoyancy control.
The nostrils of spinosaurids were retracted to a position further back on the head than in most other theropods, and they had bony crests on their heads along the midline of their skulls. Their robust shoulders wielded stocky forelimbs, with three-fingered hands that bore an enlarged claw on the first digit .
Spinosaurus [1] Lower and Upper Cretaceous. Bahariya Formation Egypt. Destroyed in Germany during World War II when the bombing of the museum it was held in took place. More material has been discovered since. Illustration of the destroyed specimen
Neck reconstructions of Sigilmassasaurus (top) and Baryonyx. The validity of Sigilmassaurus, however, did not go unchallenged shortly after it was named.In 1996, Paul Sereno and colleagues described a Carcharodontosaurus skull (SGM-Din-1) from Morocco, as well as a neck vertebra (SGM-Din-3) which resembled that of "Spinosaurus B," which they therefore synonymized with Carcharodontosaurus. [11]
The epinasal, which forms the horn core of the nose horn. The epijugals, a pair of bones which often form prominent cheek horns. The epiparietals and episquamosals, small ossifications lining the edges of the neck frill (the parietal and squamosal bones, respectively). These ossifications are also collectively termed as epoccipitals. [54 ...
They used the clade name Megalosauria (Bonaparte, 1850) in their analysis and defined it as the node comprising Megalosaurus, Spinosaurus, their most recent common ancestor, and all its descendants. Furthermore, a new megalosauroid family Piatnitzkysauridae was named to include all megalosauroids more closely related to Piatnitzkysaurus than to ...
In 2023, Isasmendi and colleagues considered Oxalaia as a valid taxon based on the examination of its referred maxilla (MN 6119-V) which suggests that the position of its external naris would have been more anteriorly located, a condition similar to that of Irritator and baryonychines, differing from Spinosaurus aegyptiacus. [30]
Irritator is further distinguished from Baryonyx, Suchomimus, and Cristatusaurus by having slightly over half as many teeth in the maxilla, and from Spinosaurus due to its comparatively larger and more forwardly positioned nostril openings, which, unlike in Spinosaurus, are also formed by the premaxilla.