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The cranial cruciate ligament is composed of two bands, a craniomedial band and a caudolateral band. It functions to stop cranial (anterior) movement of the tibia with respect to the femur, hyperextension of the stifle joint and internal rotation of the tibia.
Veterinary students in Canada are automatically members of the CVMA and are referred to as Students of the CVMA (SCVMA) (Étudiants de l’Association canadienne des médecins vétérinaires, ÉACMV). Each of Canada's five veterinary schools has a student representative who sits on the CVMA's Student committee. [7]
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Canadian Veterinary Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering new scientific developments in veterinary medicine. It was established in 1960 and is the official journal of the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2023 impact factor was 0.9. [1]
VCA, Inc., doing business as VCA Animal Hospitals, operates more than 1,000 animal hospitals in the US and Canada. [1] The company is based in Los Angeles, and was founded in 1986. [2] Until its acquisition by Mars Inc. in 2017, VCA traded on the NASDAQ under the ticker "WOOF". [3]
On 1 December 2018, "all medically important antimicrobials currently available over the counter for veterinary use, including those used in companion and food animals and in all dosage forms", were moved to prescription status. Antimicrobials are no longer to be used for growth promotion in Canada from this date.
The posterior cruciate ligament is located within the knee. Ligaments are sturdy bands of tissues that connect bones. Similar to the anterior cruciate ligament, the PCL connects the femur to the tibia. There are four different grades of classification in which medical doctor's classify a PCL injury: Grade I, the PCL has a slight tear.
An anterior cruciate ligament injury occurs when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is either stretched, partially torn, or completely torn. [1] The most common injury is a complete tear. [ 1 ] Symptoms include pain, an audible cracking sound during injury, instability of the knee, and joint swelling . [ 1 ]