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[1] [5] [6] Treatment of TIC can involve treating the heart failure as well as the tachycardia or arrhythmia. [1] TIC has a good prognosis with treatment, with most people recovering some to all of their heart function. [1] The number of cases that occur is unclear. [5] TIC has been reported in all age groups. [6]
Differentiation of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder: DSM-5 added a specifier to distinguish between vocal and motor tics that are chronic. This distinction was added because higher rates of comorbid diagnoses are present with vocal tics relative to motor tics.
Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Stereotypic movement disorder is often misdiagnosed as tics or Tourette syndrome (TS). [6] [7] Unlike the tics of TS, which tend to appear around age six or seven, repetitive movements typically start before age three, [1] [8] are more bilateral than tics, and consist of intense patterns of movement for longer runs than tics. Tics are less ...
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The treatment of ADHD in the presence of tic disorders has long been a controversial topic. Past medical practice held that stimulants could not be used in the presence of tics, due to concern that their use might worsen tics; [266] however, multiple lines of research have shown that stimulants can be cautiously used in the presence of tic ...
Motor tics are movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups. [4]Phonic tics are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. They may be alternately referred to as verbal tics or vocal tics, but most diagnosticians prefer the term phonic tics to reflect the notion that the vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.
Among those with an older age of onset, more substance abuse and mood disorders are found, and there may be self-injurious tics. Adults who have severe, often treatment-resistant tics are more likely to also have mood disorders and OCD. [47] Coprolalia is more likely in people with severe tics plus multiple comorbid conditions. [32]