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The history of the Calvinist–Arminian debate begins in the early 17th century in the Netherlands with a Christian theological dispute between the followers of John Calvin and Jacobus Arminius and continues today among some Protestants, particularly evangelicals.
Calvinism Lutheranism Arminianism; Human will: Total depravity: [2] Humanity possesses "free will", [3] but it is in bondage to sin, [4] until it is "transformed". [5]
English Reformed Baptist theologian John Gill (1697–1771) staunchly defended the five points in his work The Cause of God and Truth. [48] The work was a lengthy counter to contemporary Anglican Arminian priest Daniel Whitby, who had been attacking Calvinist doctrine.
Lewis Sperry Chafer (1871 – 1952) influenced modern free grace theologians. [14] [15] [16]The doctrines of Sandemanianism concerning salvation, which were popularized by the non-comformist Robert Sandeman (1718 – 1771) and the Baptist preacher Archibald McLean (1733–1812) have often been compared to the modern Free Grace movement.
Moreover, Arminianism can also be seen as a soteriological diversification of Calvinism [97] or more specifically, as a theological middle ground between Calvinism and semi-Pelagianism. [ 98 ] Arminian theology generally divides into two main variations: Classical Arminianism, based on the teachings of Jacobus Arminius, and Wesleyan Arminianism ...
After Arminius: A Historical Introduction to Arminian Theology. New York: Oxford University Press. Witzki, Steve (2010). "The Arminian Confession of 1621 and Apostasy". Society of Evangelical Arminians; Wynkoop, Mildred Bangs (1967). Foundations of Wesleyan-Arminian Theology. Kansas City, MO: Beacon Hill Press.
Irresistible grace (also called effectual grace, [1] effectual calling, or efficacious grace) is a doctrine in Christian theology particularly associated with Calvinism, which teaches that the saving grace of God is effectually applied to those whom he has determined to save (the elect) and, in God's timing, overcomes their resistance to obeying the call of the gospel, bringing them to faith ...
Unconditional election (also called sovereign election [1] or unconditional grace) is a Calvinist doctrine relating to predestination that describes the actions and motives of God prior to his creation of the world, when he predestined some people to receive salvation, the elect, and the rest he left to continue in their sins and receive the just punishment, eternal damnation, for their ...