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Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP; [1] however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate).
In practice there was an artificial two-party system called El Turno Pacífico (peaceful rotation) in which elections were informally fixed so the Conservatives and Liberals would have alternating periods as the majority in the Cortes, with other parties restricted to a smaller number of seats.
The 2023 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 23 July 2023, to elect the 15th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain.All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.
For example, the effective barrier in provinces with three seats is 25%. The median number of seats per constituency is one of the lowest in Europe. This is due to the use of Spain's provinces as electoral constituencies, which leads to a large number of constituencies. [25] As a consequence, the number of wasted votes is quite high.
Catalonia's leftist pro-independence party ERC, which has supported Sanchez in key parliamentary votes since 2019: seven seats, half its 2019 result. Junts per Catalunya separatists: seven seats.
The 15th Spanish general election was held on July 23, 2023. The People's Party became the largest party in the Congress of Deputies with 137 seats, overtaking the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party at 121 seats. However, neither major party nor their ostensible allies received enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority.
Current parliamentary composition [22] Senate Groups Parties Senators Seats Total People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate PP: 145 145: Socialist Parliamentary Group PSOE: 74 89: PSC: 15 Left for Independence (Republican Left–EH Bildu) Parliamentary Group EH Bildu: 5 9: ERC: 4 Plural Parliamentary Group in the Senate (JxCat–CCa–AHI ...
This is the results breakdown of the Congress of Deputies election held in Spain on 23 July 2023. The following tables show detailed results in each of the country's 17 autonomous communities and in the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, as well as a summary of constituency and regional results.