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Bhāskara (c. 600 – c. 680) (commonly called Bhāskara I to avoid confusion with the 12th-century mathematician Bhāskara II) was a 7th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer who was the first to write numbers in the Hindu–Arabic decimal system with a circle for the zero, and who gave a unique and remarkable rational approximation of the sine function in his commentary on Aryabhata's ...
He wrote, "If zero is added to any number, the sum is the same number; if zero is subtracted from any number, the number remains unchanged; if zero is multiplied by any number, the product is zero". In the case of dividing a fraction he has found out the method of multiplying the fraction by the reciprocal of the divisor.
The Bakhshali manuscript, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive; Ch. 6 – The Bakhshali manuscript (Ian G. Pearce, Indian Mathematics: Redressing the balance) Hoernle: On the Bakhshali Manuscript, 1887, archive.org "A Big Zero: Research uncovers the date of the Bakhshali Manuscript", YouTube video, University of Oxford
Jain mathematicians were apparently also the first to use the word shunya (literally void in Sanskrit) to refer to zero. This word is the ultimate etymological origin of the English word "zero", as it was calqued into Arabic as ṣifr and then subsequently borrowed into Medieval Latin as zephirum, finally arriving at English after passing ...
[8] [9] Islamic mathematics, in turn, developed and expanded the mathematics known to these civilizations. [10] Contemporaneous with but independent of these traditions were the mathematics developed by the Maya civilization of Mexico and Central America, where the concept of zero was given a standard symbol in Maya numerals.
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Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta is one of the first books to provide concrete ideas on positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero. [4] For example, it notes that the sum of a positive number and a negative number is their difference or, if they are equal, zero; that subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding a positive number; that the product of two negative numbers is positive.
Understanding the orbital dance of three celestial objects has challenged mathematicians for centuries. Now, the game has changed. Mathematicians Found 12,000 Solutions to the Notoriously Hard ...