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Jain mathematicians were apparently also the first to use the word shunya (literally void in Sanskrit) to refer to zero. This word is the ultimate etymological origin of the English word "zero", as it was calqued into Arabic as ṣifr and then subsequently borrowed into Medieval Latin as zephirum, finally arriving at English after passing ...
Bhāskara (c. 600 – c. 680) (commonly called Bhāskara I to avoid confusion with the 12th-century mathematician Bhāskara II) was a 7th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer who was the first to write numbers in the Hindu–Arabic decimal system with a circle for the zero, and who gave a unique and remarkable rational approximation of the sine function in his commentary on Aryabhata's ...
He wrote, "If zero is added to any number, the sum is the same number; if zero is subtracted from any number, the number remains unchanged; if zero is multiplied by any number, the product is zero". In the case of dividing a fraction he has found out the method of multiplying the fraction by the reciprocal of the divisor.
Because of this, Pingala is sometimes also credited with the first use of zero, as he used the Sanskrit word śūnya to explicitly refer to the number. [11] Pingala's binary representation increases towards the right, and not to the left as modern binary numbers usually do. [12] In Pingala's system, the numbers start from number one, and not zero.
The Brāhma-sphuṭa-siddhānta ("Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma", abbreviated BSS) is a main work of Brahmagupta, written c. 628. [1] This text of mathematical astronomy contains significant mathematical content, including the first good understanding of the role of zero, rules for manipulating both negative and positive numbers, a method for computing square roots, methods of ...
Aryabhata ( ISO: Āryabhaṭa) or Aryabhata I [3] [4] (476–550 CE) [5] [6] was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga , 499 CE, he was 23 years old) [ 7 ] and the Arya- siddhanta .
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 January 2025. Indian mathematician and astronomer (598–668) Brahmagupta Born c. 598 CE Bhillamala, Gurjaradesa, Chavda kingdom (modern day Bhinmal, Rajasthan, India) Died c. 668 CE (aged c. 69–70) Ujjain, Chalukya Empire (modern day Madhya Pradesh, India) Known for Rules for computing with Zero ...
The open manner and timing of the publication of these test dates was criticised by a group of Indian mathematical historians (Plofker et al. 2017 [1] and Houben 2018 §3 [2]). Up until Sep 2024 the manuscript is known to have contained the earliest known Indian use of a zero symbol.