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The tip plate of the bow may be made of bone, ivory, mammoth ivory, or metal, such as silver. A bow maker or archetier typically uses between 150 and 200 hairs [4] from the tail of a horse for a violin bow. Bows for other members of the violin family typically have a wider ribbon, using more hairs.
A violin consists of a body or corpus, a neck, a finger board, a bridge, a soundpost, four strings, and various fittings.The fittings are the tuning pegs, tailpiece and tailgut, endpin, possibly one or more fine tuners on the tailpiece, and in the modern style of playing, usually a chinrest, either attached with the cup directly over the tailpiece or to the left of it.
The curve in the wood was created by heating the wood thoroughly and then bending it. Before Tourte, bows had been cut to the desired bend. The final important change credited to Tourte is the screw in the frog (or nut) to moderate the tension in the hair. This propelling and withdrawing screw is found on virtually all modern violin bows.
A violin is usually played using a bow consisting of a stick with a ribbon of horsehair strung between the tip and frog (or nut, or heel) at opposite ends. A typical violin bow may be 75 cm (30 in) overall, and weigh about 60 g (2.1 oz). Viola bows may be about 5 mm (0.20 in) shorter and 10 g (0.35 oz) heavier.
Violin pegbox, retouched image Medieval bone tuning pin. One end is pierced for the string; the other is squared off to fit in a tuning lever socket. The middle section, which would pass through the wood, is tapered. A variety of methods are used to tune different stringed instruments.
So, naturally, the violin's owner was happy to hear the German violin itself was worth more than $5,000. But she was absolutely shocked when the French Sartory bow was appraised at $20,000.