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The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Ammonium bromide is a weak acid with a pK a of approximately 9 in water. It is an acid salt because the ammonium ion hydrolyzes slightly in water. Ammonium bromide is a strong electrolyte when put in water: NH 4 Br(s) → NH + 4 (aq) + Br − (aq) Ammonium bromide decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen bromide when heated at elevated temperatures ...
Solubility of salts in organic solvents is a function of both the cation and the anion. The solubility of cations in organic solvents can be enhanced when the anion is lipophilic. Similarly, the solubility of anions in organic solvents is enhanced with lipophilic cations. The most common lipophilic cations are quaternary ammonium cations ...
Relative radii of atoms and ions. The neutral atoms are colored gray, cations red, and anions blue. Ions may be larger or smaller than the neutral atom, depending on the ion's electric charge. When an atom loses an electron to form a cation, the other electrons are more attracted to the nucleus, and the radius of the ion gets smaller.
As an example, summing bond orders in the ammonium cation yields −4 at the nitrogen of formal charge +1, with the two numbers adding to the oxidation state of −3: The sum of oxidation states in the ion equals its charge (as it equals zero for a neutral molecule). Also in anions, the formal (ionic) charges have to be considered when nonzero.
Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles ) are written in superscript, e.g., Na + is a sodium ion with charge number positive one (an electric charge of one elementary ...
The apexes of the anion plot are sulfate, chloride and carbonate plus hydrogen carbonate anions. The two ternary plots are then projected onto a diamond. [ 3 ] The diamond is a matrix transformation of a graph of the anions ( sulfate + chloride / total anions) and cations ( sodium + potassium /total cations).
The incidence of positively charged ions (cations, oxycations and hydroxycations) and negatively charged ions (anions, oyxanions and hydroxyanions) in each block of the periodic table shows a left to right decline of positively charged ions and increase in negatively charged species, This pattern is consistent with a left to right progression ...