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Tulip breaking virus [a] is one of five plant viruses of the family Potyviridae that cause color-breaking of tulip flowers. These viruses infect plants in only two genera of the family Liliaceae : tulips ( Tulipa ) and lilies ( Lilium ).
It is now known that this effect is due to the bulbs being infected with a type of tulip-specific mosaic virus, known as the "tulip breaking virus", so called because it "breaks" the one petal colour into two or more. [27] [28] Less conspicuously, the virus also progressively impairs the tulip's production of daughter bulbs. [29]
Through bulb-grafting experiments, she found that "Tulip Breaking" could be transferred from one plant to another, rather than being genetic in nature. She concluded that the infectious agent was a virus as the filtrate of an infected bulb did not cause "breaking", and that the virus was probably spread by aphids. [3]
The use of plant viruses to enhance the beauty of ornamental plants can be considered the first recorded application of plant viruses. Tulip breaking virus is famous for its dramatic effects on the color of the tulip perianth, an effect highly sought after during the 17th-century Dutch "tulip mania."
Variegation produced by the tulip breaking virus. Botrytis tulipae is a major fungal disease affecting tulips, causing cell death and eventually the rotting of the plant. [26] Other pathogens include anthracnose, bacterial soft rot, blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, bulb nematodes, other rots including blue molds, black molds and mushy rot. [27]
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Norovirus is also nicknamed “the cruise ship virus,” as it easily spreads among people in close quarters. Norovirus causes up to 21 million illnesses in the U.S. every year.
The Lily mottle virus (LMoV), is a plant virus of the Potyviridae virus family that causes asymptomatic to mild diseases of individual plant parts in plants of the lily family . However, a frequently occurring simultaneous infection with other plant viruses, which on their own only cause moderate or no disease, can cause an entire plant to perish.