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Homotropic cooperativity refers to the fact that the molecule causing the cooperativity is the one that will be affected by it. Heterotropic cooperativity is where a third party substance causes the change in affinity. Homotropic or heterotropic cooperativity could be of both positives as well as negative types depend upon whether it support or ...
The first description of cooperative binding to a multi-site protein was developed by A.V. Hill. [4] Drawing on observations of oxygen binding to hemoglobin and the idea that cooperativity arose from the aggregation of hemoglobin molecules, each one binding one oxygen molecule, Hill suggested a phenomenological equation that has since been named after him:
The Hill coefficient, or , may describe cooperativity (or possibly other biochemical properties, depending on the context in which the Hill equation is being used). When appropriate, [clarification needed] the value of the Hill coefficient describes the cooperativity of ligand binding in the following way:
The sequential model (also known as the KNF model) is a theory that describes cooperativity of protein subunits. [1] It postulates that a protein's conformation changes with each binding of a ligand, thus sequentially changing its affinity for the ligand at neighboring binding sites.
This model explains sigmoidal binding properties (i.e. positive cooperativity) as change in concentration of ligand over a small range will lead to a large increase in the proportion of molecules in the R state, and thus will lead to a high association of the ligand to the protein. It cannot explain negative cooperativity.
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