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The very first two octets transmitted by a station are the Frame Control. The first three subfields within the frame control and the last field are always present in all types of 802.11 frames. These three subfields consist of two bits Protocol Version subfield, two bits Type subfield, and four bits Subtype subfield.
802.11 Beacon frame. A beacon frame is a type of management frame in IEEE 802.11 WLANs. It contains information about the network. Beacon frames are transmitted periodically; they serve to announce the presence of a wireless LAN and to provide a timing signal to synchronise communications with the devices using the network (the members of a service set).
Current 802.11 standard defines "frame" types for use in management and control of wireless links. IEEE 802.11w is the Protected Management Frames standard for the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Task Group 'w' worked on improving the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control layer. [1]
The Sequence Control field is a two-byte section used to identify message order and eliminate duplicate frames. The first 4 bits are used for the fragmentation number, and the last 12 bits are the sequence number. An optional two-byte Quality of Service control field, present in QoS Data frames; it was added with 802.11e.
According to the 802.11 standards, a delivery traffic indication message (DTIM) period value is a number that determines how often a beacon frame includes a DTIM, and this number is included in each beacon frame. A DTIM is included in beacon frames, according to the DTIM period, to indicate to the client devices whether the access point has ...
The TID subfield sits in certain MAC frames. The presence of TID, and thus the presence of QoS, is determined by the value set in the MSB of the subtype field (bit b7) of the Frame Control field. A QoS-enabled 802.11 header uses the TID to classify and prioritize processing of incoming or outgoing frames.
Every frame transmitted by an 802.11 device has a significant amount of overhead, including radio level headers, media access control (MAC) frame fields, inter-frame spacing, and acknowledgement of transmitted frames. At the highest data rates, this overhead can consume more bandwidth than the payload data frame. [1]
IEEE 802.11s is a wireless local area network (WLAN) standard and an IEEE 802.11 amendment for mesh networking, defining how wireless devices can interconnect to create a wireless LAN mesh network, which may be used for relatively fixed (not mobile) topologies and wireless ad hoc networks.