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Some of the Bifidobacterium animalis bacteria found in a sample of Activia yogurt: The numbered ticks on the scale are 10 micrometres apart.. In 1899, Henri Tissier, a French pediatrician at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, isolated a bacterium characterised by a Y-shaped morphology ("bifid") in the intestinal microbiota of breast-fed infants and named it "bifidus". [5]
Probiotics are live microorganisms promoted with claims that they provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut microbiota. [1] [2] Probiotics are considered generally safe to consume, but may cause bacteria-host interactions and unwanted side effects in rare cases.
Prebiotics are compounds in food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. [1] The most common environment concerning their effects on human health is the gastrointestinal tract, where prebiotics can alter the composition of organisms in the gut microbiome.
Chr. Hansen A/S is a bioscience company based in Hørsholm, Denmark.Since January 2024 together with Novozymes a part of Novonesis. [4] The company is a supplier of bacteria cultures, probiotics, enzymes [1] and human milk oligosaccharides.
An example of fermented milk, a dairy product L. acidophilus is commonly added to for probiotic effects. As stated in a journal from the American Dairy Science Association, "Lactobacillus acidophilus is a commercial strain and probiotic that is widely used in the dairy industry to obtain high-quality fermentation products."
Yakult (ヤクルト, Yakuruto) is a Japanese sweetened probiotic milk beverage fermented with the bacteria strain Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota. It is sold by Yakult Honsha, based in Tokyo. The name "Yakult" was coined from jahurto, an Esperanto word meaning "yogurt".