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  2. Idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism

    Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered "real".

  3. Objective idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_idealism

    Within German idealism, objective idealism identifies with the philosophy of Friedrich Schelling. [4] According to Schelling, the rational or spiritual elements of reality are supposed to give conceptual structure to reality and ultimately constitute reality, to the point that nature and mind, matter and concept, are essentially identical: their distinction is merely psychological and depends ...

  4. Idealism in international relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism_in_international...

    American president Woodrow Wilson is widely considered one of the codifying figures of idealism in the foreign policy context.. Since the 1880s, there has been growing study of the major writers of this idealist tradition of thought in international relations, including Sir Alfred Zimmern, [2] Norman Angell, John Maynard Keynes, [3] John A. Hobson, Leonard Woolf, Gilbert Murray, Florence ...

  5. Ideal (ethics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_(ethics)

    An ideal is a principle or value that one actively pursues as a goal, usually in the context of ethics, and one's prioritization of ideals can serve to indicate the extent of one's dedication to each.

  6. Absolute idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_idealism

    Absolute idealism is chiefly associated with Friedrich Schelling and G. W. F. Hegel, both of whom were German idealist philosophers in the 19th century. The label has also been attached to others such as Josiah Royce , an American philosopher who was greatly influenced by Hegel's work, and the British idealists .

  7. History of ethical idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ethical_idealism

    Ethical idealism, [1] which is also referred to by terms such as moral idealism, [2] [3] principled idealism, [4] and other expressions, is a philosophical framework based on holding onto specifically defined ideals in the context of facing various consequences to holding such principles and/or values.

  8. Practical idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_Idealism

    Practical idealism is a term first used by John Dewey in 1917 and subsequently adopted by Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhi Marg 2002). It describes a philosophy that holds it to be an ethical imperative to implement ideals of virtue or good.

  9. German idealism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_idealism

    German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, [ 1 ] and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary politics of the Enlightenment .