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The Feekes scale is a system to identify the growth and development of cereal crops introduced by the Dutch agronomists Willem Feekes (1907-1979) in 1941. [1] [2] This scale is more widely used in the United States [3] than other similar and more descriptive [4] [5] scales such as the Zadoks scale or the BBCH scale.
The first documented Africans were brought to Maryland in 1642, as 13 slaves at St. Mary's City, the first English settlement in the Province. [1] Slave labor made possible the export-driven plantation economy. The English observer William Strickland wrote of agriculture in Virginia and Maryland in the 1790s:
BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of crop species where similar growth stages of each plant are given the same code. Phenological development stages of plants are used in a number of scientific disciplines ( crop physiology , phytopathology , entomology and plant breeding ) and in the agriculture industry ( risk assessment of ...
Cropmarks or crop marks are a means through which sub-surface archaeological, natural and recent features may be visible from the air or a vantage point on higher ground or a temporary platform. Such marks, along with parch marks, [ 1 ] soil marks and frost marks, can reveal buried man-made structures that are not visible from the ground.
A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes . After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods , such as starchy fruits ( plantains , breadfruit , etc.) and tubers ( sweet potatoes , cassava , and more).
Cereals are the world's largest crops by tonnage of grain produced. [82] Three cereals, maize, wheat, and rice, together accounted for 89% of all cereal production worldwide in 2012, and 43% of the global supply of food energy in 2009, [90] while the production of oats and rye has drastically fallen from their 1960s levels. [91]
Industrial crops: cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, groundnut, castor, gingelly, tapioca, etc. Food adjuncts: food and industrial use, no distinct demarcation; spices, condiments, beverages, and narcotics. It is also possible that one crop which has been included as a food crop may be figured as an industrial crop; for example maize or tapioca.
After 1800, cotton became the chief crop in southern plantations, and the chief American export. After 1840, industrialization and urbanization opened up lucrative domestic markets. The number of farms grew from 1.4 million in 1850, to 4.0 million in 1880, and 6.4 million in 1910; then started to fall, dropping to 5.6 million in 1950 and 2.2 ...