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SOA eqv. 1: Probability: 2005: Exam 1 (2000) Current exam: P: 2: Financial Mathematics: 2005: Exam 2 (2000) Current exam: FM: MAS-I: Modern Actuarial Statistics I: 2018: Exam S Current exam — MAS-II: Modern Actuarial Statistics II: 2018: Exam 4 (2005) Current exam — 3F: Investment and Financial Markets: 2018: Exam 3F (2007) 2022: Exam ...
Finally, the conditional probability of heads on the next flip given that the first flip was heads is the conditional probability of a heads-only coin times the probability of heads for a heads-only coin plus the conditional probability of a fair coin times the probability of heads for a fair coin, or 2/3 * 1 + 1/3 * .5 = 5/6 ≈ .8333.
The CAS requires all candidates to qualify through a series of actuarial exams covering various aspects of actuarial practice. Passing Exams 1–6 as well as Exam S, the Course on Professionalism, the Validation by Educational Experience (VEE), and two online courses qualifies an actuary for the Associateship designation; passing three additional exams is required to become a Fellow. [10]
In actuarial science and applied probability, ruin theory (sometimes risk theory [1] or collective risk theory) uses mathematical models to describe an insurer's vulnerability to insolvency/ruin. In such models key quantities of interest are the probability of ruin, distribution of surplus immediately prior to ruin and deficit at time of ruin.
In many countries, actuaries must demonstrate their competence by passing a series of rigorous professional examinations focused in fields such as probability and predictive analysis. Actuarial science includes a number of interrelated subjects, including mathematics, probability theory , statistics, finance, economics , financial accounting ...
An actuarial qualification from the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries consists of a combination of the completion of various examinations and courses. The examinations are split into six sections: Core Mathematics (CM), Core Statistics (CS), Core Business (CB), Core Practice (CP), Specialist Practice (SP), and Specialist Applications (SA).
Under these conditions the 95% VaR for holding either of the bonds is 0 since the probability of default is less than 5%. However if we held a portfolio that consisted of 50% of each bond by value then the 95% VaR is 35% (= 0.5*0.7 + 0.5*0) since the probability of at least one of the bonds defaulting is 7.84% (= 1 - 0.96*0.96) which exceeds 5%.
The Society of Actuaries (SOA) is a global professional organization for actuaries.It was founded in 1949 as the merger of two major actuarial organizations in the United States: the Actuarial Society of America and the American Institute of Actuaries. [1]