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Body shape has effects on body posture [30] and gait, and has a major role in physical attraction. This is because a body's shape implies an individual's hormone levels during puberty, which implies fertility, and it also indicates current levels of sex hormones. [1] A pleasing shape also implies good health and fitness of the body. Posture ...
The mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC) is an estimation of the circumference of the bone and muscle portions of the upper arm. It is derived from the MUAC and the TSF by accounting for the thickness of the subcutaneous fat that surrounds the muscle, using the following formula, with the MUAC and TSF values measured in millimetres: [2]
Body roundness index (BRI) is a calculated geometric index used to quantify an aspect of a person's individual body shape. Based on the principle of body eccentricity, it provides a rapid visual and anthropometric tool for health evaluation. [1] Introduced in 2013, the BRI calculation can be used to estimate total and visceral body fat.
Rounded shoulder posture (RSP), also known as “mom posture”, [1] is a common postural problem in which the resting position of the shoulders leans forward from the body’s ideal alignment. [1] Patients usually feel slouched and hunched, [ 2 ] with the situation deteriorating if left untreated.
The deltoid muscle is the muscle [1] forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. It is also known as the 'common shoulder muscle', particularly in other animals such as the domestic cat. Anatomically, the deltoid muscle is made up of three distinct sets of muscle fibers, namely the anterior or clavicular part (pars clavicularis)
The five muscles that comprise the function of the shoulder girdle are the trapezius muscle (upper, middle, and lower), levator scapulae muscle, rhomboid muscles (major and minor), serratus anterior muscle, and pectoralis minor muscle. [3] The shoulder girdle consists of the clavicle and the scapula, which serve to attach the upper limb to the ...
The mobility of the shoulder girdle is supported by a large number of muscles. The most important of these are muscular sheets rather than fusiform or strap-shaped muscles and they thus never act in isolation but with some fibres acting in coordination with fibres in other muscles. [6] Muscles of shoulder girdle excluding the glenohumeral joint [4]
The muscles and joints of the shoulder allow it to move through a remarkable range of motion, making it one of the most mobile joints in the human body. The shoulder can abduct , adduct , rotate, be raised in front of and behind the torso and move through a full 360° in the sagittal plane .