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Handheld Brise fan from 1800. A handheld fan, or simply hand fan, is a broad, flat surface that is waved back-and-forth to create an airflow. Generally, purpose-made handheld fans are folding fans, which are shaped like a sector of a circle and made of a thin material (such as paper or feathers) mounted on slats which revolve around a pivot so that it can be closed when not in use.
In Europe, fans were not a necessity. They were mainly used as a fashion accessory, to complement the rest of the lady’s outfit. “Fans were as much an adjunct to a lady of fashion’s attire as were gloves or bags.” [2] By the 18th century fans were used only by females. The fan was described as the “feminine accessory, par excellence ...
The Fan Museum, which opened in 1991, is the world's first museum dedicated to the preservation and display of hand fans. [1] It is located within two grade II* listed houses that were built in 1721 within the Greenwich World Heritage Site on Croom's Hill in southeast London , England. [ 2 ]
In 988 AD, zheshan (Chinese: 折扇; lit. 'folding fan') was first introduced in China by a Japanese monk from Japan as a tribute during the Northern Song dynasty; these folding fans became very fashionable in China by the Southern Song dynasty. [48] The folding fans later became very fashionable in the Ming dynasty. [44]
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One of the most significant uses was as a signalling device. [2] Signalling fans came in two varieties: a folding fan that has wood or metal ribs with lacquered paper attached to the ribs and a metal outer cover [1] a solid open fan made from metal and/or wood, similar to the gunbai used today by sumo referees. [3]