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Hypotension, also known as low blood pressure, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure. [1] Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood [2] and is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the ...
Midodrine is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. It can reduce dizziness and faints by about a third, but can be limited by troublesome goose bumps, skin itch, gastrointestinal discomfort, chills, elevated blood pressure while lying down, and urinary retention. [7]
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a medication that is used to treat hypotension resulting from septic shock or other distributive shock. It is a synthetic vasoconstrictor peptide that is identical to human hormone angiotensin II [3] and is marketed under the brand name Giapreza.
Treatment should be mainly symptomatic and supportive, with volume expansion using normal saline to correct hypotension and improve renal function, and gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal and a cathartic to prevent further absorption of the drug. Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril and perindopril are known to be removable by hemodialysis.
Dopamine, sold under the brand name Intropin among others, is a medication most commonly used in the treatment of very low blood pressure, a slow heart rate that is causing symptoms, and, if epinephrine is not available, cardiac arrest. [4] In newborn babies it continues to be the preferred treatment for very low blood pressure. [5]
The drug is often prescribed off-label for tics. It is used orally (by mouth), by injection, or as a transdermal skin patch. [13] Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours. [13] Common side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, hypotension, and sleepiness. [13]
Hypotension (4 to 5%), poor appetite (2.5%), nausea (1%) [7] Adverse effects associated with the clinical use of the drug are as expected with all nitrate preparations. They occur mainly in the early stages of treatment. [7] Hypotension (4%) with symptoms such as dizziness and nausea (1%) have been reported.
Treatment is largely symptomatic. Hospitalization and intensive monitoring is indicated. Activated charcoal is useful to absorb the drug. Atropine will counteract bradycardia, glucagon helps with hypoglycemia, dobutamine can be given against hypotension and the inhalation of a β 2-mimetic such as hexoprenalin or salbutamol will terminate ...