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In trigonometry, the gradian – also known as the gon (from Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía) 'angle'), grad, or grade [1] – is a unit of measurement of an angle, defined as one-hundredth of the right angle; in other words, 100 gradians is equal to 90 degrees.
A milliradian (SI-symbol mrad, sometimes also abbreviated mil) is an SI derived unit for angular measurement which is defined as a thousandth of a radian (0.001 radian). Milliradians are used in adjustment of firearm sights by adjusting the angle of the sight compared to the barrel (up, down, left, or right).
The angle value can be specified in various angular units, such as degrees, mils, or grad. More specifically: Absolute bearing refers to the clockwise angle between the magnetic north (magnetic bearing) or true north (true bearing) and an object. For example, an object to due east would have an absolute bearing of 90 degrees.
Equal to 1 ⁄ 1000 of an inch, a thousandth is commonly called a thou / ˈ θ aʊ / (used for both singular and plural) or, particularly in North America, a mil (plural mils). The words are shortened forms of the English and Latin words for "thousand" ( mille in Latin).
Grade indicator near Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa, showing 1:150 and 1:88 grades. Ruling gradients limit the load that a locomotive can haul, including the weight of the locomotive itself. Gradients are expressed as a ratio of vertical rise to horizontal distance; for example, a 1% gradient (1 in 100) means the track rises 1 vertical ...
This was called grade (nouveau) or grad. Due to confusion with the existing term grad(e) in some northern European countries (meaning a standard degree, 1 / 360 of a turn), the new unit was called Neugrad in German (whereas the "old" degree was referred to as Altgrad ), likewise nygrad in Danish , Swedish and Norwegian (also gradian ...
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1 circular mil is approximately equal to: 0.7854 square mils (1 square mil is about 1.273 circular mils) 7.854 × 10 −7 square inches (1 square inch is about 1.273 million circular mils) 5.067 × 10 −10 square metres; 5.067 × 10 −4 square millimetres; 506.7 μm 2; 1000 circular mils = 1 MCM or 1 kcmil, and is (approximately) equal to: