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The rotation moves around in circles. In this example the rotation of the bucket creates extra force. The reason that the vortices can change shape is the fact that they have open particle paths. This can create a moving vortex. Examples of this fact are the shapes of tornadoes and drain whirlpools.
In flow regions where vorticity is known to be important, such as wakes and boundary layers, potential flow theory is not able to provide reasonable predictions of the flow. [1] Fortunately, there are often large regions of a flow where the assumption of irrotationality is valid which is why potential flow is used for various applications.
Von Kármán swirling flow is a flow created by a uniformly rotating infinitely long plane disk, named after Theodore von Kármán who solved the problem in 1921. [1] The rotating disk acts as a fluid pump and is used as a model for centrifugal fans or compressors.
For example, in the laminar flow within a pipe with constant cross section, all particles travel parallel to the axis of the pipe; but faster near that axis, and practically stationary next to the walls. The vorticity will be zero on the axis, and maximum near the walls, where the shear is largest.
This can occur around cylinders and spheres, for any fluid, cylinder size and fluid speed, provided that the flow has a Reynolds number in the range ~40 to ~1000. [1] In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. [2]
In fluid dynamics, Couette flow is the flow of a viscous fluid in the space between two surfaces, one of which is moving tangentially relative to the other. The relative motion of the surfaces imposes a shear stress on the fluid and induces flow.
A two-dimensional flow that, at the highlighted point, has only a strain rate component, with no mean velocity or rotational component. In continuum mechanics, the strain-rate tensor or rate-of-strain tensor is a physical quantity that describes the rate of change of the strain (i.e., the relative deformation) of a material in the neighborhood of a certain point, at a certain moment of time.
Rotational diffusion is the rotational movement which acts upon any object such as particles, molecules, atoms when present in a fluid, by random changes in their orientations. Although the directions and intensities of these changes are statistically random, they do not arise randomly and are instead the result of interactions between particles.