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Rayleigh waves are distinct from other types of surface or guided acoustic waves such as Love waves or Lamb waves, both being types of guided waves supported by a layer, or longitudinal and shear waves, that travel in the bulk. Rayleigh waves have a speed slightly less than shear waves by a factor dependent on the elastic constants of the ...
This radiative ground wave is known as Norton surface wave, or more properly Norton ground wave, because ground waves in radio propagation are not confined to the surface. Another type of surface wave is the non-radiative, bound-mode Zenneck surface wave or Zenneck–Sommerfeld surface wave .
Surface acoustic waves can be used for flow measurement. SAW relies on the propagation of a wave front, which appears similar to seismic activities. The waves are generated at the excitation centre and spread out along the surface of a solid material. An electric pulse induces them to generate SAWs that propagate like the waves of an earthquake.
Particles in the air scatter short-wavelength light (blue and green) through Rayleigh scattering much more strongly than longer-wavelength yellow and red light. Loosely, the term crepuscular rays is sometimes extended to the general phenomenon of rays of sunlight that appear to converge at a point in the sky, irrespective of time of day. [3] [4]
Diagram showing the mode conversions that occur when a P-wave reflects off an interface at non-normal incidence The situation becomes much more complicated in the case of non-normal incidence, due to mode conversion between P-waves and S-waves , and is described by the Zoeppritz equations .
Rayleigh waves; Rayleigh (unit), a unit of photon flux named after the 4th Baron Rayleigh; Rayl, rayl or Rayleigh, two units of specific acoustic impedance and characteristic acoustic impedance, named after the 3rd Baron Rayleigh; Rayleigh criterion in angular resolution; Rayleigh distribution; Rayleigh fading; Rayleigh law on low-field ...
S waves may take an hour to reach a point 1000 km away. Both of these are body-waves, that pass directly through the earth's crust. Following the S waves are various kinds of surface-waves – Love waves and Rayleigh waves – that travel only at the earth's surface. Surface waves are smaller for deep earthquakes, which have less interaction ...
Tyndall scattering, i.e. colloidal particle scattering, [7] is much more intense than Rayleigh scattering due to the bigger particle sizes involved. [ citation needed ] The importance of the particle size factor for intensity can be seen in the large exponent it has in the mathematical statement of the intensity of Rayleigh scattering.