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Macrophages at the implant site fuse to form foreign body giant cells. [6] Following the inflammatory response, granulation tissue form. The end stage of the foreign body reaction is the fibrous capsule formation around the implanted biomaterial. [6] The biocompatibility of the device affects the severity of the foreign body reaction. [7]
Foreign body giant cells are involved in the foreign body reaction, phagocytosis, and subsequent degradation of biomaterials which may lead to failure of the implanted material. [4] When produced, the FBGC's place themselves along the surface of the implantation, and will remain there for as long as the foreign material remains in the body. [1]
Metallosis is the medical condition involving deposition and build-up of metal debris in the soft tissues of the body. [1]Metallosis has been known to occur when metallic components in medical implants, specifically joint replacements, abrade against one another. [1]
The process of implantation of medical devices is subjected to the same complications that other invasive medical procedures can have during or after surgery. Common complications include infection, inflammation, and pain. Other complications that can occur include risk of rejection from implant-induced coagulation and allergic foreign body ...
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Two major types of reaction occur in response to retained surgical foreign bodies. In the first type, an abscess may form with or without a secondary bacterial infection . The second reaction is an aseptic fibrinous response, resulting in tissue adhesions and encapsulation and eventually foreign body granuloma . [ 2 ]
This is because the patient's body needs to adapt to the foreign material and integrate the alloplastic implant or graft with its surrounding tissue. [ 5 ] [ 19 ] The surgical technique of alloplasty if completed incorrectly can cause significant and irreversible damage to surrounding nerves by the improper placement of osteotomy.
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