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The left atrial appendage is a pouch-like structure located in the upper part of the left atrium. [1] Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an alternative therapy to oral anticoagulation in a certain subset of patients with atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregular and uncoordinated pumping function of the atria.
Catheter ablation is a procedure that uses radio-frequency energy or other sources to terminate or modify a faulty electrical pathway from sections of the heart of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
After the procedure, the patient is monitored to ensure stability of the sinus rhythm. Synchronized electrical cardioversion is used to treat hemodynamically unstable supraventricular (or narrow complex) tachycardias, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. [3] [12] It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. [14] Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [15]
Primary prevention refers to patients who have not suffered a life-threatening arrhythmia episode. Secondary prevention has the strongest evidence for benefit and it refers to survivors of cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular fibrillation (VF) or hemodynamically unstable sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) after reversible causes are ...
Various techniques of pain management and anesthesia are practiced during current PCI stent placement procedures. [7] The catheter/stent system is introduced into the body by penetrating a peripheral artery (an artery located in the arm or leg) and passed through the arterial system to deliver the DES into the blocked coronary artery.