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Michael John Scriven (/ ˈ s k r ɪ v ən /; 28 March 1928 – 28 August 2023) was a British-born Australian polymath and academic philosopher, best known for his contributions to the theory and practice of evaluation.
Goal-free evaluation (GFE) is any evaluation in which the evaluator conducts the evaluation without particular knowledge of or reference to stated or predetermined goals and objectives. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This external evaluation model typically consists of an independent evaluator who is intentionally screened from the program's stated goals ...
The theory of theory-driven evaluation seeks to be as close as possible to the causes of a social problem and site of intervention. This is in contrast to a "global" or "grand" theory, that tries to provide an overarching understanding of society, or a metaphysical theory about the nature of social reality.
Fetterman and Scriven agreed on the value of both internal and external evaluations. They also agree on a focus on the consumer. However, staff members, sponsors, and policy makers also have important roles to play in evaluation. Scriven however claimed that the evaluator must maintain distance from program participants to avoid bias. [37] [38]
Argumentation theory is the interdisciplinary study of how conclusions can be supported or undermined by premises through logical reasoning. With historical origins in logic , dialectic , and rhetoric , argumentation theory includes the arts and sciences of civil debate, dialogue , conversation , and persuasion .
Michael Quinn Patton (born 1945) is an independent organizational development and program evaluation consultant, and former president of the American Evaluation Association. He is the founder and director of Utilization-Focused Evaluation.
Formative assessment, formative evaluation, formative feedback, or assessment for learning, [1] including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment.
Michael Scriven further developed the Beardsley-Thomas approach in his 1976 book Reasoning. [29] Whereas Beardsley had said "At first, write out the statements...after a little practice, refer to the statements by number alone" [ 30 ] Scriven advocated clarifying the meaning of the statements, listing them and then using a tree diagram with ...