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The pressure-balanced shower valve compensates for changes in water pressure. It has a diaphragm or piston inside that reacts to relative changes in either hot or cold water pressure to maintain balanced pressure. As water pressure drops on one supply line, the valve reduces the pressure in the other supply line to match.
Diaphragm valves (or membrane valves) consists of a valve body with two or more ports, a flexible diaphragm, and a "weir or saddle" or seat upon which the diaphragm closes the valve. The valve body may be constructed from plastic , metal or other materials depending on the intended use.
For high pressure domestic water systems this does not matter, but for low pressure systems where flow rate is important, such as a shower fed by a storage tank, a "stop tap" or, in engineering terms, a "gate valve" is preferred. Gate valves use a metal wedge with a circular face, usually the same diameter as the pipe, which is screwed into ...
The valve's body is the outer casing of most or all of the valve that contains the internal parts or trim. The bonnet is the part of the encasing through which the stem (see below) passes and that forms a guide and seal for the stem. The bonnet typically screws into or is bolted to the valve body. Valve bodies are usually metallic or plastic.
When an aerator is added to the faucet (or fluid stream), there is a region of high pressure created behind the aerator. Because of the higher pressure behind the aerator and the low pressure in front of it (outside the faucet), due to Bernoulli's principle there is an increase in velocity of the fluid flow.
Tap (British English), faucet (American English): the common name for a valve used in homes to regulate water flow; Tesla valve: a form of check valve with no moving parts, invented by Nikola Tesla for use with fluids; Thermally operated valves: Thermal expansion valve, used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems; Thermostatic mixing valve