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The distributions of a wide variety of physical, biological, and human-made phenomena approximately follow a power law over a wide range of magnitudes: these include the sizes of craters on the moon and of solar flares, [2] cloud sizes, [3] the foraging pattern of various species, [4] the sizes of activity patterns of neuronal populations, [5] the frequencies of words in most languages ...
The Pareto distribution, named after the Italian civil engineer, economist, and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, [2] is a power-law probability distribution that is used in description of social, quality control, scientific, geophysical, actuarial, and many other types of observable phenomena; the principle originally applied to describing the distribution of wealth in a society, fitting the trend ...
In studies of the networks of citations between scientific papers, Derek de Solla Price showed in 1965 that the number of links to papers—i.e., the number of citations they receive—had a heavy-tailed distribution following a Pareto distribution or power law, and thus that the citation network is scale-free. He did not however use the term ...
The log-normal distribution, describing variables which can be modelled as the product of many small independent positive variables. The Lomax distribution; The Mittag-Leffler distribution; The Nakagami distribution; The Pareto distribution, or "power law" distribution, used in the analysis of financial data and critical behavior.
Log-normal distribution, for a single such quantity whose log is normally distributed; Pareto distribution, for a single such quantity whose log is exponentially distributed; the prototypical power law distribution
The Pareto principle is an illustration of a "power law" relationship, which also occurs in phenomena such as bush fires and earthquakes. [9] Because it is self-similar over a wide range of magnitudes, it produces outcomes completely different from Normal or Gaussian distribution phenomena. This fact explains the frequent breakdowns of ...
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The tendency of a new node to link to a node with a high degree k is characterized by power-law distribution (also known as rich-gets-richer process). This idea was introduced by Vilfredo Pareto and it explained why a small percentage of the population earns most of the money. This process is present in networks as well, for example 80 percent ...