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  2. Alkaline earth octacarbonyl complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_octa...

    Generic structure for alkaline earth octacarbonyl complex where M is the metal center of Ca, Sr, or Ba. Alkaline earth octacarbonyl complexes are a class of neutral compounds that have the general formula M(CO) 8 where M is a heavy Group 2 element (Ca, Sr, or Ba).

  3. Abrams' law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrams'_law

    Abrams' law (also called Abrams' water-cement ratio law) [1] is a concept in civil engineering. The law states the strength of a concrete mix is inversely related to the mass ratio of water to cement. [1] [2] As the water content increases, the strength of concrete decreases. Abrams’ law is a special case of a general rule formulated ...

  4. Metal carbonyl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_carbonyl

    The carbonyl ligand engages in a wide range of bonding modes in metal carbonyl dimers and clusters. In the most common bridging mode, denoted μ 2 or simply μ, the CO ligand bridges a pair of metals. This bonding mode is observed in the commonly available metal carbonyls: Co 2 (CO) 8, Fe 2 (CO) 9, Fe 3 (CO) 12, and Co 4 (CO) 12.

  5. Strengthening mechanisms of materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strengthening_mechanisms...

    The latter variant is found in almost all buildings as reinforced concrete with ductile, high tensile-strength steel rods embedded in brittle, high compressive-strength concrete. In both cases, the matrix and fibers have complimentary mechanical properties and the resulting composite material is therefore more practical for applications in the ...

  6. Anchorage in reinforced concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchorage_in_Reinforced...

    Conventionally the term concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel. However, other materials are often used to reinforce concrete e.g. organic and inorganic fibres, composites in different forms. While compared to its compressive strength, concrete is weak in tension. Thus adding reinforcement increases the strength ...

  7. Carbonyl reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl_reduction

    In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the conversion of any carbonyl group, usually to an alcohol. It is a common transformation that is practiced in many ways. [ 1 ] Ketones , aldehydes , carboxylic acids , esters , amides , and acid halides - some of the most pervasive functional groups , -comprise carbonyl compounds.

  8. Carbonyl metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl_metallurgy

    Carbonyl metallurgy is used to manufacture products of iron, nickel, steel, and other metals. Coatings are produced by vapor plating using metal carbonyl vapors. These are metal- ligand complexes where carbon monoxide is bonded to individual atoms of metals .

  9. Concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

    The early strength of the concrete can be increased if it is kept damp during the curing process. Minimizing stress prior to curing minimizes cracking. High-early-strength concrete is designed to hydrate faster, often by increased use of cement that increases shrinkage and cracking. The strength of concrete changes (increases) for up to three ...