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In non-sterile compounding, a powder containment hood is required when any hazardous material (e.g. hormones) are prepared or when there is a risk of cross-contamination of the compounded product. Pharmacists preparing compounded products must comply with these requirements and others published in the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary & Handbook.
Aseptic processing involves maintaining a sterile environment to prevent the introduction of contaminants during the manufacturing of products, such as sterile injectable medications and sterile medical equipment. This requires stringent control over personnel behavior, equipment sterilization, and the cleanroom environment. [16]
Hospital pharmacists and trained pharmacy technicians compound sterile products for patients including total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and other medications are given intravenously. That is a complex process that requires adequate training of personnel, quality assurance of products, and adequate facilities.
In medical sterilization, hydrogen peroxide is used at higher concentrations, ranging from around 35% up to 90%. The biggest advantage of hydrogen peroxide as a sterilant is the short cycle time. Whereas the cycle time for ethylene oxide may be 10 to 15 hours, some modern hydrogen peroxide sterilizers have a cycle time as short as 28 minutes. [44]
A pharmacist, also known as a chemist in Commonwealth English, is a healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about preparation, mechanism of action, clinical usage and legislation of medications in order to dispense them safely to the public and to provide consultancy services.
A multi-center survey of 219 U.S. surgeons showed that 90% of them agreed strongly that waste of sterile surgical items is an issue and moreover, 95% of them agreed to a willingness to change their operating room workflow to reduce waste. [28] Another focus that proves to be effective is reform around the policies that surround "red bag waste."