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The Kingdom of Rwanda was a Bantu kingdom in modern-day Rwanda, which grew to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy. [1] It was one of the oldest and the most centralized kingdoms in Central and East Africa. [2] It was later annexed under German and Belgian colonial rule while retaining some of its autonomy.
Rwanda adopted a vertical tricolour of red, yellow, and green following the coup of Gitarama on 28 January 1961, which saw the abolition of the Tutsi-dominated monarchy and the establishment of a Hutu-dominated republic. A black "R" was later added to the flag's centre in September 1961.
Flag of the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front. A similar pattern of events took place in Rwanda, but there the Hutu came to power in 1962. They in turn often oppressed the Tutsi, who fled the country. After the anti-Tutsi violence around 1959–1961, Tutsi fled in large numbers. These exile Tutsi communities gave rise to Tutsi rebel movements.
1969 stamp celebrating the Rwandan Revolution, depicting a peasant raising the red-yellow-green Rwandan flag.. The Rwandan Revolution, also known as the Hutu Revolution, Social Revolution, or Wind of Destruction [1] (Kinyarwanda: muyaga), [2] was a period of ethnic violence in Rwanda from 1959 to 1961 between the Hutu and the Tutsi, two of the three ethnic groups in Rwanda.
Flag Date Use Description 1962–2001: Second flag of the Republic of Rwanda: A vertical Tricolour of Red, Yellow and Green with a black R letter in the center. [12] [13] 1959–1961: First flag of the Republic of Rwanda: A vertical Tricolour of Red, Yellow and Green. [14] [15] 1926–1945: First flag of the Belgian Congo [16] 1916–1959: Flag ...
Whereas the similar Rwandan monarchy was abolished in a revolution between 1959 and 1961, the Burundian monarchy succeeded in surviving into the post-colonial period. [22] By the early 1960s, Burundi's monarchy still held considerable popular support, both among the Tutsis as well as the Hutus. [1] [23]
The M23's origins are tied to these tensions - it is the latest incarnation of a rebel group that says it is fighting for the interests of the minority Tutsi community in eastern DR Congo.
On 28 January 1961, in the coup of Gitarama during what was dubbed the Rwandan Revolution by the Belgian-favored Hutu extremist party Parmehutu, the Belgian colonial overseers abolished the monarchy and Rwanda became a republic [10] (retroactively approved by a Hutu led referendum held on 25 September of the same year). [11]