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The Kingdom of Rwanda was a Bantu kingdom in modern-day Rwanda, which grew to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy. [1] It was one of the oldest and the most centralized kingdoms in Central and East Africa. [2] It was later annexed under German and Belgian colonial rule while retaining some of its autonomy.
The Tutsi (/ ˈ t ʊ t s i / [2]), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group of the African Great Lakes region. [3] They are a Bantu -speaking [ 4 ] ethnic group and the second largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi (the other two being the largest Bantu ...
The Kingdom of Rwanda was an old state located in the African Great Lakes region. An expansionist realm led by a royal family and nobility of Tutsi ethnicity, the kingdom exploited a lower class of Hutu and Twa to fund its wars of conquest. [1]
On 28 January 1961, in the coup of Gitarama during what was dubbed the Rwandan Revolution by the Belgian-favored Hutu extremist party Parmehutu, the Belgian colonial overseers abolished the monarchy and Rwanda became a republic [10] (retroactively approved by a Hutu led referendum held on 25 September of the same year). [11]
Lando Ndasingwa, Rwandan politician, murdered in the Genocide against Tutsi in 1994 [15] Louise Mushikiwabo , fourth and current Secretary General of Organisation internationale de la Francophonie . She previously served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Rwanda.
Human occupation of Rwanda is thought to have begun shortly after the last ice age.By the 11th century, [1] the inhabitants had organized into a number of kingdoms. In the 19th century, Mwami Rwabugiri of the Kingdom of Rwanda conducted a decades-long process of military conquest and administrative consolidation that resulted in the kingdom coming to control most of what is now Rwanda.
The Tutsi monarchy used the land distribution system of uburetwa to centralise control of the lands in most of Rwanda in a system called igikingi. Only the northwest of Rwanda, where Hutu land owners refused to submit, were not part of igikingi. The two dominant ethnic groups in both Rwanda and Burundi are the Tutsis and Hutus.
Rwandans vote to abolish the Tutsi monarchy. 28 January: Dominique Mbonyumutwa becomes provisional President of Rwanda. 1962: 1 July: Belgium grants Rwanda independence. [1] 26 October: Grégoire Kayibanda becomes the first elected President of Rwanda. 1963: Following a Tutsi guerilla attack from Burundi, an anti-Tutsi backlash kills thousands ...