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The lowest equal-loudness contour represents the quietest audible tone—the absolute threshold of hearing. The highest contour is the threshold of pain. Churcher and King carried out a second determination in 1937, but their results and Fletcher and Munson's showed considerable discrepancies over parts of the auditory diagram. [5]
I is the sound intensity; I 0 is the reference sound intensity; 1 Np = 1 is the neper; 1 B = 1 / 2 ln(10) is the bel; 1 dB = 1 / 20 ln(10) is the decibel. The commonly used reference sound intensity in air is [5] = /. being approximately the lowest sound intensity hearable by an undamaged human ear under room conditions.
Loudness, a subjective measure, is often confused with physical measures of sound strength such as sound pressure, sound pressure level (in decibels), sound intensity or sound power. Weighting filters such as A-weighting and LKFS attempt to compensate measurements to correspond to loudness as perceived by the typical human.
The threshold of hearing is plotted relative to a standardised curve that represents 'normal' hearing, in dB(HL) (hearing level). They are not the same as equal-loudness contours , which are a set of curves representing equal loudness at different levels, as well as at the threshold of hearing , in absolute terms measured in dB(SPL) (sound ...
Equal-loudness contours. The phon is a logarithmic unit of loudness level for tones and complex sounds. Loudness is measured in sones, a linear unit.Human sensitivity to sound is variable across different frequencies; therefore, although two different tones may present an identical sound pressure to a human ear, they may be psychoacoustically perceived as differing in loudness.
The Robinson–Dadson curves are one of many sets of equal-loudness contours for the human ear, determined experimentally by D. W. Robinson and R. S. Dadson. [1]Until recently, it was common to see the term Fletcher–Munson used to refer to equal-loudness contours generally, even though the re-determination carried out by Robinson and Dadson in 1956, became the basis for an ISO standard ISO ...
The measured curves for pure tones, for instance, are different from those for random noise. The ear also responds less well to short bursts, below 100 to 200 ms, than to continuous sounds [ 1 ] such that a quasi-peak detector has been found to give the most representative results when noise contains click or bursts, as is often the case for ...
Grey noise is random white noise subjected to a psychoacoustic equal loudness curve (such as an inverted A-weighting curve) over a given range of frequencies, giving the listener the perception that it is equally loud at all frequencies.