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A pointed arch, ogival arch, or Gothic arch is an arch with a pointed crown meet at an angle at the top of the arch. [1] Also known as a two-centred arch, its form is derived from the intersection of two circles. [2] This architectural element was particularly important in Gothic architecture.
If one impost is much higher than another, the arch (frequently pointed) is known as ramping arch, raking arch, [90] or rampant arch (from French: arc rampant). [91] Originally used to support inclined structures, like stairs, in the 13th-14th centuries they appeared as parts of flying buttresses used to counteract the thrust of Gothic ribbed ...
The defining characteristic of the Gothic style is the pointed arch, which was widely used in both structure and decoration. The pointed arch did not originate in Gothic architecture; they had been employed for centuries in the Near East in pre-Islamic as well as Islamic architecture for arches, arcades, and ribbed vaults. [57]
Romanesque architecture [1] is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. [2] The style eventually developed into the Gothic style with the shape of the arches providing a simple distinction: the Romanesque is characterized by semicircular arches, while the Gothic is marked by the pointed arches.
Gradually, pointed arches were used not only for rib vaults, but also for all of the arcades and for lancet windows, giving the nave its unified appearance. The first structure in England to be built entirely with the pointed arch was Wells Cathedral (1175–1260), but they were soon used in all cathedrals [19]
Early Gothic architecture was the result of the emergence in the 12th century of a powerful French state centered in the Île-de-France.King Louis VI of France (1081–1137), had succeeded, after a long struggle, in bringing the barons of northern France under his control, and successfully defended his domain against attacks by the English King, Henry I of England (1100–1135).
In Sassanid architecture parabolic and pointed arches were employed in both palace and sacred construction. [19] A very slightly pointed arch built in 549 exists in the apse of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna, and slightly more pointed example from a church, built 564 at Qasr Ibn Wardan in Roman Syria. [20]
Arch of Trajan: 114–117 AD Benevento: Italy: Maleventum, Beneventum Arch of Trajan: c. 109 AD Canosa di Puglia: Italy: Canusium Arch of Hadrian: c. 1st or 2nd centuries AD Capua: Italy: Capuae Arch of Augustus: 9 AD Fano: Italy: Fanum Fortunae Arch of Tiberius 18–19 AD Pompei: Italy: Pompeii: Arch of Augustus: c. 36–29 BC: Rome: Italy: Roma