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Disney's twelve basic principles of animation were introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation. [a] [ 1 ] The principles are based on the work of Disney animators from the 1930s onwards , in their quest to produce more realistic animation.
In 2D computer graphics, onion skinning is a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing films to view several frames at once. This way, the animator or editor can make decisions on how to create or change an image based on the previous image in the sequence.
The nature of smear frames helped to reduce production costs of other motion blur techniques used in earlier cartoons. [ 3 ] Developed for 2D animation, smear frames did not evolve much even with the emergence of CG animated films in the 1990s. [ 3 ]
Computer animation encompasses a variety of techniques, the unifying factor being that the animation is created digitally on a computer. [65] [106] 2D animation techniques tend to focus on image manipulation while 3D techniques usually build virtual worlds in which characters and objects move and interact.
Object animation. Brickfilm; Graphic animation; Pixilation; Computer animation. Categorization by dimensionality of characters: 2D animation; 3D animation; Categorization by speed of rendering and capabilities: Pre-rendered animation: Motion is developed in the software. There is a delay for the software to render the animation before it can be ...
Adobe Animate, formerly known as Flash, is a tool for 2D motion graphic design. Prior to the rise of HTML5, it was the primary tool for web animation. [5] It has also been used for creating video animations, such as the web series Homestar Runner. [6] It is still used by some motion designers, particularly for frame-by-frame, or "cel" animation ...
Frame frequency often varies depending on animation style and is an artistic choice. Animation "on twos" has been used for over 100 years; Fantasmagorie (1908), widely considered the first fully animated movie, was animated on twos. Modern animation uses various techniques to adapt frame rates. Slow movements may be animated on threes or fours.
Follow through and overlapping action is a general heading for two closely related animation techniques which form part of the 12 basic principles of animation identified by Disney animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in their authoritative 1981 book on Disney animation, The Illusion of Life.