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The proofs of the Kronecker–Weber theorem by Kronecker (1853) and Weber (1886) both had gaps. The first complete proof was given by Hilbert in 1896. In 1879, Alfred Kempe published a purported proof of the four color theorem, whose validity as a proof was accepted for eleven years before it was refuted by Percy Heawood.
Cayley's theorem; Clique problem (to do) Compactness theorem (very compact proof) ErdÅ‘s–Ko–Rado theorem; Euler's formula; Euler's four-square identity; Euler's theorem; Five color theorem; Five lemma; Fundamental theorem of arithmetic; Gauss–Markov theorem (brief pointer to proof) Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Gödel's first ...
Hejhal's proof of a general form of the Selberg trace formula consisted of 2 volumes with a total length of 1322 pages. Arthur–Selberg trace formula. Arthur's proofs of the various versions of this cover several hundred pages spread over many papers. 2000 Almgren's regularity theorem. Almgren's proof was 955 pages long.
Zeros. Polynomials. Determinants. Number Theory. Geometry. The volumes are highly regarded for the quality of their problems and their method of organisation, not by topic but by method of solution, with a focus on cultivating the student's problem-solving skills. Each volume the contains problems at the beginning and (brief) solutions at the end.
This is a list of notable theorems. Lists of theorems and similar statements include: List of algebras; List of algorithms; List of axioms; List of conjectures; List of data structures; List of derivatives and integrals in alternative calculi; List of equations; List of fundamental theorems; List of hypotheses; List of inequalities; Lists of ...
In proof by exhaustion, the conclusion is established by dividing it into a finite number of cases and proving each one separately. The number of cases sometimes can become very large. For example, the first proof of the four color theorem was a proof by exhaustion with 1,936 cases. This proof was controversial because the majority of the cases ...
In mathematics, an impossibility theorem is a theorem that demonstrates a problem or general set of problems cannot be solved. These are also known as proofs of impossibility, negative proofs, or negative results. Impossibility theorems often resolve decades or centuries of work spent looking for a solution by proving there is no solution.
Dehn's proof is an instance in which abstract algebra is used to prove an impossibility result in geometry. Other examples are doubling the cube and trisecting the angle. Two polyhedra are called scissors-congruent if the first can be cut into finitely many polyhedral pieces that can be reassembled to yield the second. Any two scissors ...