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Functions can be defined inside code blocks, permitting a run-time decision as to whether or not a function should be defined. There is no concept of local functions. Function calls must use parentheses with the exception of zero argument class constructor functions called with the PHP new operator, where parentheses are optional.
In PHP, the scope resolution operator is also called Paamayim Nekudotayim (Hebrew: פעמיים נקודותיים, pronounced [paʔaˈmajim nekudoˈtajim], the second word a colloquial corruption of נקודתיים, pronounced [nekudaˈtajim]), which means “double colon” in Hebrew.
In C++, the C++20 revision adds the spaceship operator <=>, which returns a value that encodes whether the 2 values are equal, less, greater, or unordered and can return different types depending on the strictness of the comparison. [3] The name's origin is due to it reminding Randal L. Schwartz of the spaceship in an HP BASIC Star Trek game. [4]
The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.
Dennis Ritchie, creator of the C language, said of the precedence in C (shared by programming languages that borrow those rules from C, for example, C++, Perl and PHP) that it would have been preferable to move the bitwise operators above the comparison operators. [42]
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web ... with the exception of zero-argument class constructor functions called with the PHP operator new, ...
C-like languages feature two versions (pre- and post-) of each operator with slightly different semantics. In languages syntactically derived from B (including C and its various derivatives), the increment operator is written as ++ and the decrement operator is written as --. Several other languages use inc(x) and dec(x) functions.
In PHP, operator <<<OUTPUT is used to denote the beginning of a heredoc statement (where OUTPUT is an arbitrary named variable.) In Bash, <<<word is used as a "here string", where word is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard input, similar to a heredoc.