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The composition of hand instruments is continuously evolving, which is why it may be a challenge to find the proper instrument for the right clinical situation. [3] With the broad variation of instrument designs and materials, it allows dental professionals to implement periodontal therapy with reduced strain and increased comfort levels for both the clinician and the patient. [3]
The periodontal probe can also be used to measure other dental instruments, tooth preparations during restorative procedures, gingival recession, attached gingiva, and oral lesions or pathologies. Bleeding on probing (BoP), even with a gentle touch, can also occur in this situation.
Another aspect of the syringe is the capability of use, which means dentists are able to easily insert fluid in the device and follow the color coded instructions that allow for efficient use of the dental instrument. [3] The device is so intricately sized that doctors are able to grip it well enough to get the job done. [3]
The periodontal curette is a type of hand-activated instrument used in dentistry and dental hygiene for the purpose of scaling and root planing. [1] The periodontal curette is considered a treatment instrument and is classified into two main categories: universal curettes and Gracey curettes. [ 1 ]
The Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) is increasingly used in the United States, Canada and Brazil. The Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) is extensively used in the United Kingdom and New Zealand. The Primary Essential Periodontal Examination (PEPE) is used in Australia. All these methods use the WHO 621 probe. [1]
These instruments include files, curettes, after fives and mini fives used for mechanical debridement. The shank of periodontal instruments can either be rigid, which works better with heavy and tenacious calculus or flexible for fine tuning and light deposit. [7] Periodontal files are used to crush larger, tenacious deposits to prepare them ...
These numbers, often referred to as probe measurements, can be assigned to the depth of the gingival sulcus, the location and depth of root furcations, the size and length of oral pathology, the loss of periodontal fiber, the clinical attachment loss (CAL), alveolar bone loss, and help in assessing and determining a periodontal disease ...
The periodontal ligament is composed mostly of collagen fibres, however it also houses blood vessels and nerves within loose connective tissue. [6] Mechanical loads that are placed on the teeth during mastication and other external forces are absorbed by the periodontal ligament, which therefore protects the teeth within their sockets.