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The main factors influencing temperature variation in the mass concrete structure are: the size of the structure, the ambient temperature, the initial temperature of the concrete at the time of placement and curing program, the cement type, and the cement contents in the mix. Mass concrete structures include massive mat foundations, dams, and ...
Unlike air-entrained concrete, which introduces tiny air bubbles through an admixture during mixing, foam concrete replaces coarse aggregates with these air bubbles, resulting in a significant difference in density, with foam concrete typically ranging from 400 kg/m3 to 1600 kg/m3, whereas air-entrained concrete maintains its density.
Instead of using a 'nominal mix' of 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, and 4 parts aggregate, a civil engineer will custom-design a concrete mix to exactly meet the requirements of the site and conditions, setting material ratios and often designing an admixture package to fine-tune the properties or increase the performance envelope of the mix ...
The beam and base method of underpinning is a more technically advanced adaptation of traditional mass concrete underpinning. A reinforced concrete beam is constructed below, above or in replacement of the existing footing. The beam then transfers the load of the building to mass concrete bases, which are constructed at designed strategic ...
In civil engineering, concrete leveling is a procedure that attempts to correct an uneven concrete surface by altering the foundation that the surface sits upon. It is a cheaper alternative to having replacement concrete poured and is commonly performed at small businesses and private homes as well as at factories, warehouses, airports and on roads, highways and other infrastructure.
For a small to medium project, the cost and time of hiring mixing equipment, labour, plus purchase and storage for the ingredients of concrete, added to environmental concerns (cement dust is an airborne health hazard) [10] may simply be not worthwhile when compared to the cost of ready-mixed concrete, where the customer pays for what they use ...