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Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard Cœur de Lion (Old Norman French: Quor de Lion) [2] [3] or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, [4] [b] [5] was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199.
"Philip, illegitimate son of King Richard of England, to whom the aforesaid king his father had granted the castle and honour of Cognac, slew the previously mentioned Viscount of Limoges in vengeance for his father." [4] No other source corroborates this, or explicitly indicates that Aimar of Limoges's death was a violent one.
Richard Plantagenet may refer to any Richard who was a descendant of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou: Richard I of England (1157–1199), also known as Richard the Lionheart, third son of King Henry II of England; Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall (1209–1272), second son of John of England and younger brother of Henry III of England
In 1185, Berengaria was given the fief of Monreal in Navarre by her father. [1] Eleanor of Aquitaine promoted the engagement of Berengaria to her son Richard the Lionheart. An alliance with Navarre meant protection for the southern borders of Eleanor's Duchy of Aquitaine and helped create better relations with neighbouring Castile, whose queen was Richard's sister Eleanor.
He was formally appointed marshal by Richard the Lionheart. William served five English kings in his lifetime: Henry II, Henry "the Young King", Richard I "The Lionheart", John Lackland, and Henry III, to whom he became regent in 1216. In 1199 he became the Earl of Pembroke, having married Isabel de Clare. [6]
When John (II) died, King Richard the Lionheart gave the title to his brother, the well-known William Marshal. As well as John (II) and William, John (I) and Sybil also had Henry , who went on to become Bishop of Exeter , and Ansel, who served as a knight under his brother William and under his cousin Rotrou IV , Count of Perche .
Richard the Lionheart inherited Normandy from his father, Henry II, in 1189 when he ascended the throne of England.There was a rivalry between the Capetians and the Plantagenets, Richard as the Plantagenet king of England was more powerful than the Capetian king of France, despite the fact that Richard was a vassal of the French king and paid homage for his lands in the country. [1]
Richard III was the last English king to be killed in battle. [149] Henry Tudor succeeded Richard as King Henry VII. He married the Yorkist heiress Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter and Richard III's niece. Richard III's grave in 2013