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Trench warfare has been infrequent in recent wars. When two large armoured armies meet, the result has generally been mobile warfare of the type which developed in World War II. However, trench warfare re-emerged in the latter stages of the Chinese Civil War (Huaihai Campaign) and the Korean War (from July 1951 to its end).
The weapon was developed for use by engineer troops after the Siege of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, designed to combat heavier mortars by flinging a lighter shell further in defense of a fortress. [2] It was a muzzle-loading, rifled mortar that had a standard hydro-spring recoil system. It fired 50 kilogram (110 lb) HE ...
The light version of the weapon, the 7.58 cm Leichter Minenwerfer (LMW; "light mine launcher"), was still at the prototype stage when the war started, but rapidly entered production. The weapon was far more efficient than its artillery counterpart: in comparison, the 7.7 cm (3.0 in) FK 96 n/A needed to be towed by a team of six horses, compared ...
Shells filled with these substitutes nonetheless were the cause of many premature detonations, making the Minenwerfer riskier for the gun crew than normal artillery pieces. To the left, a 25 cm schwerer Minenwerfer mine shell ; to the right, a 24 cm conventional high-explosive shell .
Besides land mines, machine guns, and trenches, barbed wire was a persistent threat to attacking infantry. Often barbed wire was used to channel attackers away from vulnerable areas of the defenders' trenches, and funnel attackers into predefined kill zones where overlapping fields of machine-gun fire could be brought to bear.
A carriage designed by the Divisional Trench Mortars to meet the changed conditions of fighting in the last advances of 1918" Handbook of artillery : including mobile, anti-aircraft and trench matériel (1920). United States. Army. Ordnance Dept, May 1920 "History of the Ministry of Munitions", 1922. Volume XI, Part I Trench Warfare Supplies.
The scene could be 3,000 km (1,860 miles) away in Ukraine's Donbas region, but instead some 2,000 Ukrainian conscripts and veterans are training in the muddy fields of France's eastern Marne ...
The tactic of using overlapping arcs of fire came to prominence during World War I where it was a feature of trench warfare. Machine guns were placed in groups, called machine-gun nests, and they protected the front of the trenches.