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Drusen, from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The presence of a few small ("hard") drusen is normal with advancing age, and most people over 40 have some hard drusen. [1]
In children, optic disc drusen are usually buried and undetectable by fundoscopy except for a mild or moderate elevation of the optic disc. With age, the overlying axons become atrophied and the drusen become exposed and more visible. They may become apparent with an ophthalmoscope and some visual field loss at the end of adolescence. [7]
Choroidal nevus with drusen can be considered as a sign of chronicity since drusen take years to develop and appear. [14] Drusen are composed of lipids and can actually be an indicator that a tumour is a benign nevus as opposed to a cancerous melanoma. [15] In nevi imaged by OCT, about 41% are found to have drusen. [16]
Druse can refer to: Druze or Durzi, a Middle Eastern religious community; Druse (botany), an aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals found in certain plants; Druse (geology), an incrustation of small crystals on the surface of a rock or mineral; Drusen, pathological deposits in the eye
White sponge nevus (WSN) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant [4] condition of the oral mucosa (the mucous membrane lining of the mouth). It is caused by one or more mutations in genes coding for keratin , which causes a defect in the normal process of keratinization of the mucosa.
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A medical report recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine notes that doctors in India rid a man of a roughly 6-foot long tapeworm by pulling it through his mouth.
Laryngoscopy involves placing a device in the mouth to visualize the back of the airway. [6] If the foreign body can be seen, it can be removed with forceps. [6] An endotracheal tube should then be placed in order to prevent airway compromise from resulting inflammation after the procedure. [6]