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Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that possesses a variety of biological functions, including stimulation and maintenance of cellular immune responses. [42] IL-15 stimulates the proliferation of T lymphocytes, which requires interaction of IL-15 with IL-15R alpha and components of IL-2R, including IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma (common gamma ...
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. In humans, it is encoded by the IL6 gene. [5] In addition, osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
The interleukin 4 (IL4, IL-4) is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (T h 0 cells) to T h 2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, T h 2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 is produced primarily by mast cells, T h 2 cells, eosinophils and basophils. [4]
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system. It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein [ 5 ] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes ) that are responsible for immunity.
The interleukin-1 superfamily has 11 members, which have similar gene structure, although originally it contained only four members IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra and IL-18. After discovery of another 5 members the updated nomenclature was generally accepted which included all members of IL-1 cytokine family.
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene. [5] [6] The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine. Many cell types, both hematopoietic cells and non-hematopoietic cells, have the potential to produce IL-18.
116849 Ensembl ENSG00000127318 ENSMUSG00000090461 UniProt Q9GZX6 Q9JJY8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_020525 NM_054079 RefSeq (protein) NP_065386 NP_473420 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 68.25 – 68.25 Mb Chr 10: 118.13 – 118.13 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22 gene. Structure IL-22 is an α-helical cytokine. IL ...
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a protein [5] that in humans is encoded by the IL7 gene. [6] [7] [8] IL-7 is a hematopoietic growth factor secreted by stromal cells in the bone marrow and thymus. It is also produced by keratinocytes, [9] dendritic cells, [10] hepatocytes, [11] neurons, and epithelial cells, [12] but is not produced by normal ...