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The scale of dBZ values can be seen along the bottom of the image. Decibel relative to Z, or dBZ, is a logarithmic dimensionless technical unit used in radar. It is mostly used in weather radar, to compare the equivalent reflectivity factor (Z) of a remote object (in mm 6 per m 3) to the return of a droplet of rain with a diameter of 1 mm (1 mm 6 per m 3). [1]
In the composite reflectivity product, the highest intensities among those available on the different angles above each point in the image will be displayed. It is a radar product created to compare low-level reflectivity with total reflectivity in the air column in order to identify certain cloud characteristics or artifacts in radar data. [1]
Weather radar in Norman, Oklahoma with rainshaft Weather (WF44) radar dish University of Oklahoma OU-PRIME C-band, polarimetric, weather radar during construction. Weather radar, also called weather surveillance radar (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.).
Reflectivity (Z) in dBZ represents the intensity of radar echoes returning from a clouds. According to the wavelengths used in weather radars, only precipitation can be noted (drizzle, rain, snow, hail), not the cloud droplets nor water vapor, so Z is proportional to the rain rate. Using the sum in the vertical of Z, one can find the total mass ...
A hook echo is a pendant or hook-shaped weather radar signature as part of some supercell thunderstorms. It is found in the lower portions of a storm as air and precipitation flow into a mesocyclone, resulting in a curved feature of reflectivity. The echo is produced by rain, hail, or debris being wrapped around the supercell. [1]
A tornadic debris signature (TDS), often colloquially referred to as a debris ball, [1] is an area of high reflectivity on weather radar caused by debris lofting into the air, usually associated with a tornado. [1] [2] A TDS may also be indicated by dual-polarization radar products, designated as a polarimetric tornado debris signature (PTDS).
In the United States and a few other countries, Doppler capable weather radar stations are used. These devices are capable of measuring the radial velocity, including radial direction (towards or away from the radar) of the winds in a storm, and so can spot evidence of rotation in storms from more than a hundred miles (160 km) away. A supercell ...
In the event that most of the echo is from first surface reflections (^ < or so), the OC radar albedo is a first-order approximation of the Fresnel reflection coefficient (aka reflectivity) [83] and can be used to estimate the bulk density of a planetary surface to a depth of a meter or so (a few wavelengths of the radar wavelength which is ...