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Anticoagulants in acute coronary syndrome are targeted against the coronary blood clot, as well as towards prevention of thrombotic complications, like formation of blood clots in the ventricles, stroke, pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. [49] Patients undergoing PCI also need an anticoagulant to prevent catheter thrombosis.
Three different forms of nitroglycerin: intravenous, sublingual spray, and the nitroglycerin patch. Nitroglycerin is used for the treatment of angina, acute myocardial infarction, severe hypertension, and acute coronary artery spasms. [1] [12] It may be administered intravenously, as a sublingual spray, or as a patch applied to the skin.
Sublingual nitroglycerin is used for acute coronary syndrome; Isosorbide mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate are used for symptomatic relief when blood pressure <130/80 mmHg [17] Not to be used as monotherapy in chronic coronary syndrome; An image of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets (Nitrostat) Caution. Avoid concomitant use of PDE-5 inhibitors
Coronary artery bypass surgery during mobilization (freeing) of the right coronary artery from its surrounding tissue, adipose tissue (yellow). The tube visible at the bottom is the aortic cannula (returns blood from the HLM). The tube above it (obscured by the surgeon on the right) is the venous cannula (receives blood from the body).
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies. [1] The most common symptom is centrally located pressure-like chest pain, often radiating to the left shoulder [2] or angle of the jaw, and associated with nausea and sweating.
The diverse clinical presentations of myocardial ischemia collectively fall under the term chronic coronary syndromes. Addressing these conditions involves a multifaceted approach, where the most common antianginal medications alleviate symptoms by inducing coronary vasodilation and modifying the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption ...
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
Coronary steal is also the mechanism in most drug-based cardiac stress tests; When a patient is incapable of doing physical activity they are given a vasodilator that produces a "cardiac steal syndrome" as a diagnostic procedure. The test result is positive if the patient's symptoms reappear or if ECG alterations are seen.